The article considers modern trends in the transformation of sex education in the context of family and educational law in Russia. Special attention is paid to the concept of human-centeredness of law as a basis for the development of family relations and the educational sphere. The Constitution of the Russian Federation defines that “children are the most important priority of the state policy of Russia. The State shall create conditions conducive to the all-round spiritual, moral, intellectual and physical development of children, and to fostering in them patriotism, citizenship, and respect for their elders. The State, ensuring the priority of family upbringing, assumes the responsibilities of parents with regard to children without care”. In the context of the implementation of strategic documents and legislative changes aimed at preserving traditional values and ensuring the safety of children, the prospects for introducing new approaches to sex education into school programs, including through the subject of “Family Studies”, are being considered. The specifics of the child’s socialization process make it possible to consider work on sex education valid already at preschool age, and it requires continuation at other stages of a child’s development. The authors emphasize the importance of respect for individual rights and protection from violations as fundamental principles that influence the formation of relevant legislation and the practice of its application.